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Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2021, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5): 379-393.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2021.20097.

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Study on tensile damage characteristics of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles

Hui Liu1,YeHui Yun1,Long Jin2,JiangHao Lin1,Yao Zhang1,Yong Luo1,JianXi Ren1()   

  1. 1.College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
    2.CCCC First Highway Consultants Co. LTD, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
  • Received:2020-11-07 Accepted:2021-06-27 Online:2021-10-31 Published:2021-12-03
  • Contact: JianXi Ren E-mail:renjianxi1968@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41702339);National Key Research and Development Plan(2018YFC0808705);Funded by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2018JQ4026);Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2017ZDXM-SF-082)

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Abstract:

The meso-structure of sandstone has a significant effect on its mechanical properties under external loads. In this paper, by taking two types of sandstone with different grain sizes as the study objects, the effects of grain size and freeze-thaw cycles on tensile strength and damage mode of sandstone are analyzed using a combination of laboratory tests, theoretical analysis, and numerical calculation. The Brazilian splitting tests are carried out on sandstone samples subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. The results show that: (1) The Brazilian splitting mode of the fine-grained sandstone is dominated by the central fracture, whereas that of the coarse-grained sandstone is controlled by a noncentral fracture. (2) The freeze-thaw cycles aggravate the initial damage of sandstone, and the cumulative freeze-thaw damage has a greater impact on the Brazilian splitting damage mode of the coarse-grained sandstone than on the fine-grained sandstone. (3) The numerical analysis software RFPA2D system can simulate the Brazilian splitting failure process of the two types of sandstone with varying grain sizes under different freeze-thaw cycles. It is shown to be an effective method to reveal the tensile failure process and deterioration mechanism of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycling. (4) The formation mechanisms of the two splitting modes are analyzed according to the energy principle. The energy release of coarse-grained sandstone forms a noncentral splitting mode along the rock sample internal weak structural plane, whereas the fine-grained sandstone sample's energy accumulates in the rock sample center and releases it instantaneously at its center, showing the failure mode of central splitting. In addition, based on damage mechanics theory, the damage evolution equation of sandstone subjected to freeze-thaw cycles under tension is established, and the influence of energy release and dissipation on the sandstone's tensile properties is quantitatively analyzed.

Key words: freeze-thaw, sandstone, damage mode, energy

Figure 1

Test sample. (a) the coarse-grained sandstone; (b) the fine-grained sandstone"

Table 1

Average values of initial physical parameters of two types of rock sample"

CategoryDry density (g/cm3)Saturation density (g/cm3)PorosityP-wave velocity (km/s)
Fine-grained sandstone2.612.762.48%4.08
Coarse-grained sandstone1.882.1613.95%1.81

Figure 2

View of the TMS9018-R20 programmable low-temperature thermostat"

Figure 3

Schematic diagram of temperature conditions for freeze-thaw cycling test"

Figure 4

View of the WDW-100 low-temperature electronic universal testing machine"

Figure 5

Microstructure of two types of sandstone. (a) fine-grained sandstone; (b) coarse-grained sandstone"

Figure 6

Relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and tensile strength of two types of sandstone. (a) the fine-grained sandstone; (b) the coarse-grained sandstone"

Figure 7

Brazilian splitting failure mode of the fine-grained sandstone (the yellow dotted line is crack propagation path)"

Figure 8

Brazilian splitting failure mode of the coarse-grained sandstone (the yellow dotted line shows crack propagation path)"

Figure 9

Fracture morphology of two types of sandstone before and after freeze-thaw cycling"

Table 2

Input parameter values for numerical simulation using RFPA2D system"

CategoryNumber of freeze-thaw cyclesMeso-elastic modulus E2 (GPa)Meso-compressive strength f2 (MPa)Poisson's ratio

Density

(g/cm3)

Internal friction angle
Fine-grained sandstone01.664010.352.6640°
51.353042.63
101.112392.59
201.012072.61
300.931622.60
Coarse-grained sandstone00.17390.251.8830°
50.13321.86
100.11301.87
200.08281.87
300.06241.86

Figure 10

Rock sample model diagram"

Table 3

RFPA2D simulated crack propagation process of the fine-grained sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles"

Number of freeze-thaw

cycles

Crack generationCrack propagationCrack coalescence
0
5
10
20
30

Table 4

RFPA2D simulated crack propagation process of the coarse-grained sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles"

Number of freeze-thaw

cycles

Crack generationCrack propagationCrack coalescence
0
5
10
20
30

Figure 11

Comparison of experimental and numerically simulated failure modes of the fine-grained sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles"

Figure 12

Comparison of experimental and numerically simulated failure modes of the coarse-grained sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles"

Figure 13

Relationship between the Brazilian splitting load and axial displacement of two types of sandstone. (a) The fine-grained sandstone; (b) the coarse-grained sandstone"

Figure 14

Relationship between freeze-thaw cycles and peak energy rate of two types of sandstone"

Figure 15

Relationship between the energy of two types of sandstone and axial load ratio. (a) The fine-grained sandstone; (b) the coarse-grained sandstone"

Figure 16

Schematics of different failure modes during the Brazilian splitting test"

Figure 17

Relationship between the damage variable and number of freeze-thaw cycles for the two types of sandstone"

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