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Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2019, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (5): 382–388.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2019.00382.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-07 接受日期:2019-09-17 出版日期:2019-10-31 发布日期:2019-11-12

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of selected mosses with different alcoholic solvents

Kehinde O. Olasoji1(),Amos M. Makinde1,Bolajoko A. Akinpelu2,Musibau O. Isa1   

  1. 1. Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State 230103, Nigeria
    2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State 230103, Nigeria
  • Received:2019-08-07 Accepted:2019-09-17 Online:2019-10-31 Published:2019-11-12
  • Contact: Kehinde O. Olasoji E-mail:kennykayy10@gmail.com

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Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical content of the crude extracts of Archidium ohioense, Pelekium gratum, and Hyophila involuta with different alcoholic solvents (ethanol, methanol, Seaman's Schnapps, fresh oil-palm wine, and fresh Raffia-palm wine). The mosses were collected from their natural populations on the central campus of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The yield of the extracts was weighed for all the solvents, and the qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the extracts were carried out using standard methods. The results of phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts from the mosses showed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. The quantitative phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts showed that ethanolic extracts of Hyophila involuta had the highest flavonoid content (288.37±0.10 mg RE/g), and Raffia-palm-wine extracts of Hyophila involuta had the highest saponin content (224.70±0.02 mg/g), while the methanolic extract of Archidium ohioense had the highest cardiac glycosides content (63.71±0.14 mg/g), and the Raffia-palm wine extract of Hyophila involuta had the highest alkaloids content (102.50±0.12 mg/g). Raffia- and oil-palm wines were observed to be the most effective solvents for all the mosses studied, followed by Seaman's Schnapp, while methanol and ethanol were less effective. The study concluded that the extracts of the mosses studied contain pharmacologically active constituents that can be used for therapeutic purposes.

Key words: Archidium ohioense, bryophyte, Hyophila involuta, Pelekium gratum, phytoconstituents

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Solvent Archidium ohioense Pelekium gratum Hyophila involuta

Weight of

extracts (g)

 Percentage yield (%) Weight of crude extracts (g)

Percentage

yield (%)

Weight of

extracts (g)

 Percentage yield (%)
Ethanol 1.39 0.79 1.10 2.73 1.16 2.00
Methanol 1.24 0.71 1.12 2.78 1.63 2.81
Seaman's Schnapps? 1.71 0.98 1.70 4.22 3.10 5.34
Oil-palm wine 5.51 3.15 4.64 11.53 8.42 14.52
Raffia-palm wine 8.02 4.58 6.67 16.57 10.59 18.26

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Phytochemicals\Solvents Seaman's schnapps Ethanol Methanol Raffia palm wine Oil palm wine
A P H A P H A P H A P H A P H
Saponins + + + + + + - + + + + + + + +
Anthraquinones - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Steroids + + + + + + + + + + - + + + +
Cardiac glycosides + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Xanthoproteins - - - + - - - - - - - - - - -
Phlobatanins - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Triterpenes + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Tannins - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
EPHST - - - - - - + + + + + + + + +
Ammonium test - + - - + + + + + - - - + + -
Aluminium chloride test - + - - + + + + + - - - + + -
Alkaloids (Wagner) + + - + - - - - - + + + + + +
Mayer + + - + - - - - - + - - + + +

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Flavonoid Ethanol Methanol Seaman's Schnapps? Oil-palm wine Raffia-palm wine
Archidium ohioense 122.26±0.06c 94.35±0.04b 108.97±0.32a 171.50±0.11a 44.56±0.01b
Pelekium gratum 124.92±0.04b 231.23±0.06a 102.34±0.08b 167.51±0.13b 39.95±0.03c
Hyophila involuta 288.37±0.10a 23.92±0.05c 54.49±0.02c 23.76±0.01c 53.87±0.01a

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Saponin Ethanol Methanol Seaman's Schnapps? Oil-palm wine Raffia-palm wine
Archidium ohioense 20.10±0.02b - 5.00±0.07c 71.90±0.10b 199.80 ± 0.04b
Pelekium gratum 25.20±0.09a 1.20±0.03b 10.50±0.12b 69.60±0.06c 194.60 ± 0.03c
Hyophila involuta 15.00±0.12c 1.52±0.05a 10.80±0.05a 146.90±0.02a 224.70 ± 0.02a

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Cardiac glycoside Ethanol Methanol Seaman's Schnapps? Oil-palm wine Raffia-palm wine
Archidium ohioense 27.71±0.08a 63.71±0.14a 24.00±0.08c 86.11±0.07a 67.32 ± 0.17b
Pelekium gratum 20.59±0.14b 25.65±0.08b 25.00±0.06b 64.76±0.03b 58.88 ± 0.01c
Hyophila involuta 15.00±0.12c 13.35±0.03c 50.71±0.03a 61.18±0.02c 107.64 ± 0.11a

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Alkaloid Ethanol Methanol Seaman's Schnapps? Oil-palm wine Raffia-palm wine
Archidium ohioense 25.10±0.04a - 5.00±0.12b 75.00±0.02b 101.10 ± 0.05b
Pelekium gratum - - 0.00±0.03a 65.50±0.05c 80.30 ± 0.03c
Hyophila involuta - - - 96.53±0.09a 102.50 ± 0.12a
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