Assessing spatial and temporal variability in water consumption and the maintainability oasis maximum area in an oasis region of Northwestern China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1226.2020.00217

Abstract

Abstract:

Water consumption is a key role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of water management in arid environments. In this study, we explored an approach based on meta-analysis, MODIS NDVI products, land-use spatial distribution, and soil water physical parameters to gain insight into long-term and large scale distribution of land use and water consumption, maintain maximum Zhangye Oasis area according to Heihe River runoff, and suitable water resource management in Zhangye Oasis. This approach was initiated in order to improve the efficiency of irrigation and water resource management in arid regions Results showed that Heihe River runoff can maintain a maximum Zhangye Oasis area of 22.49×10⁴ hm². During the 2000-2016 growing seasons, actual oasis water consumption ranged from 11.35×10⁸ m³ to 13.73×10⁸ m³, with a mean of (12.89 ± 0.60)×10⁸ m³; if maintaining agricultural production and oasis stability was chosen, oasis water consumption ranged from 10.24×10⁸ m³to 12.37×10⁸ m³, with a mean of (11.62 ± 0.53)×10⁸ m³. From the perspective of water resources management and ecosystem stability, it is necessary to reduce the area of Zhangye Oasis or choose the minimum water consumption method to manage the oasis, to ease the pressure of water shortage and maintain stable and sustainable development of the Zhangye Oasis. These results can provide future practical guidance for water resource management of coordinated development of the economy and the environment in an arid area.

Key words: meta-analysis, water consumption, land-use, spatial and temporal distribution, runoff, Northwestern China

XueXiang Chang,WenZhi Zhao,XueLi Chang,Bing Liu,Jun Du. Assessing spatial and temporal variability in water consumption and the maintainability oasis maximum area in an oasis region of Northwestern China[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2020, 12(4): 217-233.

Figures/Tables 12

Figure 1

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Table 1

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Table 2

Proportion of areas in optimum water consumption level to total oasis from 2000 to 2016"

Type	Year Level (mm)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Minimum water consumption	< 218	5.47	7.84	4.72	4.73	4.74	6.66	5.99	5.52	5.37	5.30	5.41	5.08	4.14	3.74	5.81	3.61	4.05
	219-358	10.04	13.94	10.20	10.71	9.78	10.33	9.96	9.06	9.24	9.27	10.53	14.75	7.90	7.29	10.58	6.70	8.35
	359-471	13.32	16.58	14.81	15.61	14.45	14.18	14.31	14.27	12.83	14.23	17.81	21.13	13.59	13.31	17.39	11.87	16.83
	472-569	17.10	19.13	20.97	19.47	20.25	18.89	20.18	19.93	18.70	20.22	23.08	21.72	21.98	24.04	22.61	22.02	25.39
	570-655	16.57	18.15	21.15	21.27	22.97	19.83	22.70	21.29	23.83	24.11	23.13	22.72	25.87	29.97	23.35	28.86	27.21
	656-734	18.82	15.47	17.87	16.97	18.26	18.46	18.30	17.89	19.24	17.92	15.29	11.25	20.70	17.77	15.43	21.96	15.35
	735-820	15.55	7.99	9.08	9.65	8.16	10.27	7.63	9.53	9.04	7.89	4.08	2.42	4.94	3.39	4.10	4.26	2.27
	> 821	3.13	0.90	1.21	1.57	1.37	1.38	0.92	2.51	1.74	1.08	0.68	0.92	0.87	0.49	0.73	0.72	0.54
	219-820	91.41	91.26	94.07	93.69	93.89	91.96	93.08	91.97	92.88	93.63	93.90	94.00	94.99	95.77	93.46	95.66	95.41
Optimum water consumption	< 218	4.78	7.04	4.18	4.18	4.20	5.98	5.33	4.91	4.83	4.78	4.84	4.45	3.71	3.39	5.17	3.27	3.67
	219-358	9.10	12.54	9.01	9.45	8.51	9.27	8.79	7.95	8.17	8.12	9.01	11.94	6.86	6.25	9.07	5.77	7.03
	359-471	11.25	14.32	12.46	13.34	12.15	12.14	12.14	11.90	10.95	11.58	14.61	19.62	10.86	10.75	14.54	9.49	13.08
	472-569	15.17	16.77	17.60	16.51	16.65	15.45	16.38	16.51	14.41	16.58	20.07	18.35	17.59	18.04	19.33	16.35	21.31
	570-655	14.41	17.09	19.07	18.60	20.69	17.64	20.29	18.88	20.43	21.36	21.67	22.62	22.97	26.91	21.89	25.44	26.12
	656-734	17.42	17.28	20.10	19.78	21.74	20.00	21.52	20.41	22.78	21.99	20.46	16.83	25.23	25.38	20.57	27.64	21.48
	735-820	19.50	12.18	14.18	14.12	12.82	15.55	13.27	14.44	15.04	13.29	8.14	4.95	11.37	8.26	8.18	10.43	6.33
	> 821	8.37	2.78	3.39	4.02	3.25	3.96	2.27	5.01	3.39	2.29	1.19	1.24	1.41	1.03	1.23	1.61	0.98
	359-820	77.75	77.64	83.41	82.35	84.05	80.79	83.61	82.14	83.61	84.82	84.95	82.37	88.02	89.33	84.52	89.35	88.32
Maximum water consumption	< 218	4.32	6.29	3.80	3.81	3.82	5.58	4.95	4.50	4.39	4.35	4.45	4.00	3.40	3.13	4.83	3.01	3.37
	219-358	8.11	11.52	7.92	8.30	7.44	8.22	7.83	7.04	7.32	7.28	7.83	9.84	6.05	5.38	7.85	5.04	6.10
	359-471	10.04	12.75	10.88	11.70	10.76	10.82	10.58	10.20	9.75	10.01	12.69	18.28	9.22	9.05	12.52	8.10	10.89
	472-569	13.22	15.24	15.45	14.82	14.26	13.55	13.85	14.17	12.25	14.04	17.70	16.70	14.54	14.56	17.13	12.94	17.70
	570-655	13.39	15.65	16.85	15.92	17.84	15.34	17.56	16.94	16.29	18.09	18.95	19.50	19.34	21.91	18.87	20.77	23.11
	656-734	14.63	16.12	18.80	19.20	20.99	18.45	20.71	19.06	21.93	21.38	21.09	19.70	23.94	26.94	21.44	26.85	23.80
	735-820	19.57	15.42	18.15	17.33	17.48	18.46	18.33	18.01	19.87	18.64	14.37	9.86	19.60	16.45	14.33	18.94	12.77
	> 821	16.72	7.03	8.15	8.93	7.40	9.59	6.21	10.07	8.19	6.20	2.92	2.12	3.90	2.58	3.02	4.35	2.27
	359-820	70.85	75.17	80.13	78.97	81.34	76.62	81.01	78.39	80.10	82.17	84.79	84.04	86.64	88.91	84.30	87.60	88.26

Table 2

Table 3

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

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Type	Maximum (×10⁴ hm²)	Minimum (×10⁴ hm²)	Mean (×10⁴ hm²)	SD (×10⁴ hm²)	Variable coefficient
Maize	19.62	13.19	17.05	2.17	12.70
Wheat	3.72	0.55	1.53	0.93	60.74
Vegetables + fruit	5.09	1.27	2.55	1.18	46.14
Shelterbelts	0.14	0.09	0.12	0.02	19.74
Shrub land	0.14	0.12	0.13	0.01	5.90