Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2015, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (2): 137-145.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2015.00137

• ARTICLES • Previous Articles    

Effects of nitrogen nutritional stress on the morphological and yield parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Gideon O. Okunlola, Olusanya A. Olatunji, Akinjide M. Afolabi, Kolade K. Gbadegesin   

  1. Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
  • Received:2014-07-14 Revised:2014-11-17 Published:2018-11-23
  • Contact: G. O. Okunlola, Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. E-mail: lanrog01@yahoo.com E-mail:lanrog01@yahoo.com

Abstract: This investigation was carried out to better understand the effects of nitrogen stress on the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.). Seeds of S. lycopersicon (Ife No. 1 variety) were collected from the Osun-State Ministry of Agriculture, Oshogbo, Nigeria and planted in analyzed top soil. The plants were grown for a period of five weeks within which they were supplied with water and kept under optimum environmental conditions that enhanced normal growth. After this period, the plants were subjected to different levels of nitrogen stress which include: plants supplied with distilled water only (n), plants supplied with complete nutrient solution (N), plants supplied with nutrient solution in which nitrogen concentration sources was increased by a factor of 5 (N5), and plants supplied with nutrient solution in which nitrogen concentration sources was increased by a factor of 10 (N10). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results shows that there is no significant effect of stress on the growth and morphological parameters of tomato plants. However, there was a significant effect of nitrogen stress on the yield parameters. Nitrogen stress also caused an increase in the number and size of fruits produced in plants subjected with high nitrogen concentration.

Key words: intracellular, nitrogen, stress, Solanum lycopersicon, stomata conductance, transpiration

Akl IA, Savvas D, Papadantonakis N, et al., 2003. Influence of ammonium to total nitrogen supply ratio on growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato grown in a closed hydroponic system. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 68: 204-211.
Bahnisch LM, Humphreys LR, 1977. Nitrogen supply, tillering, and floral initiation of Setaria anceps cv. Narok. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 43: 167-168.
Bohnert HJ, Nelson DE, Jensen RG, 1995. Adaptations to environmental stresses. The Plant Cell, 7(7): 1099-1111.
Claussen W, 2002. Growth, water use efficiency, and proline content of hydroponically grown tomato plants as affected by nitrogen source and nutrient concentration. Plant and Soil, 247: 199-209.
Dong CX, Shen QR, Wang G, 2004. Tomato growth and organic acid changes in response to partial replacement of NO3--N by NH4+-N. Pedosphere, 14(2): 159-164.
Errebhi M, Wilcox GE, 1990. Tomato growth and nutrient uptake pattern as influenced by nitrogen form ratio. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 13: 1031-1034.
Ganmore-Neumann R, Kafkafi U, 1980. Root temperature and percentage NO3-NH4+ effect on tomato plant development. I. Morphology and growth. Agronomy Journal, 72: 758-761.
Gerendás J, Zhu Z, Bendixen R, et al., 1997. Physiological and biochemical processes related to ammonium toxicity in higher plants. Zeitschrift für Pflanzeneruährung und Bodenkunde, 160: 239-251.
Hassan G, Khan H, 2007. Effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) density on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its components under varying nitrogen regimes. Pakistan. Journal of Botany, 39: 2585-2594.
Hobson G, Grierson D, 1993. Tomato. In: Seymour GB, Taylor JE, Tucker GA (eds.). Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening. New York: Chapman and Hall.
Humphreys LR, Riveros F, 1986. Tropical pasture seed production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 203.
Imas P, Bar-Yosef B, Kafkafi U, et al., 1997. Release of carboxylic anions and protons by tomato roots in response to ammonium nitrate ratio and pH in nutrient solution. Plant and Soil, 191: 27-34.
Jones HG, Corlett JE, 1992. Current topics in drought physiology. Journal of Agricultural Science, 119(3): 291-296.
Kalloo, 1991. Review of literature on tomato. University of Hyderaba, 56: 1-48.
Kirkby EA, Knight AH, 1977. Influence of the level of nitrate nutrition on ion uptake and assimilation, organic acid accumulation, and cation-anion balance in whole tomato plants. Plant Physiology, 60: 349-353.
Kiruthikadevi V, 2002. Nutritional studies on root yield and quality of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal). M.Sc. Thesis, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.
Kulvinder S, Srivastava BK, 1988. Effect of various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of chilli. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 45(3-4): 319-324.
Langton FA, Adams SR, Cockshull KE, 2003. Effects of photoperiod on leaf greenness of four bedding plant species. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechology, 78(3): 400-404.
Larcher W, 1980. Physiological Plant Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Lawlor D, Lemaire G, Fastal F, 2001. Plant growth and crop yield. In: Lea PJ, Morot-Gaudry JF (eds.). Plant Nitrogen. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 343-368.
Magalhães JR, Wilcox GE, 1983. Tomato growth and mineral composition as influenced by nitrogen form and light intensity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 6: 847-862.
Marschner H, 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (2nd Ed.). Academic Press Ltd. London, U.K., pp. 229-312.
Medhi RP, Singh B, Parthasarathy VS, 1990. Effect of N, P and K on chillies. Progressive Horticulture, 22(1-4): 173-175.
Morgan JM, 1984. Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants. Annual Review Plant Physiology, 35: 299-319.
Osei-Yeboah S, Lindsay JI, Gumb SFA, 1983. Estimating leaf area of cowpea (Vigna ungiculata (L.) Walp) from linear measurement of terminal leaflets. Tropical Agriculture, 60(2): 149-150.
Pill WG, Lambeth VN, 1980. Effects of soil water regime and nitrogen form on blossom-end rot, yield, water relations, and elemental composition of tomato. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 105: 730-734.
Raab TK, Terry N, 1994. Nitrogen-source regulation of growth and photosynthesis in Beta vulgaris L.. Plant Physiology, 105: 1159-1166.
Radin JW, Boyer JS, 1982. Control of leaf expansion by nitrogen nutrition in sunflower plants. Plant Physiology, 69: 771-775.
Sharm SK, 1995. Response of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant growth and fruit yield in hybrid sweet pepper cultivar Pusa Deepti. Vegetable Science, 22(1): 19-21.
Siddiqi MY, Malhotra B, Min X, et al., 2002. Effects of ammonium and inorganic carbon enrichment on growth and yield of a hydroponic tomato crop. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165: 191-197.
Taiz L, Zeiger E, 1998. Plant Physiology (3rd edition). Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Massachustt, USA.
Taylor IB, 1986. Biosystematic of the tomato. In: Atherton IG, Rudich I (eds.). The Tomato Crop: A Scientific Basis for Improvement, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 1-34.
Tisdale SL, Nelson WL, Beaton JD, et al., 2003. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. 5th edition. Prentice-Hall of India. Prt Ltd., New Delhi.
Verma RB, Singh PK, Singh SB, 1996. Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Colocasia. Journal of Root Crops, 22(2): 139-143.
Zhao D, Reddy KR, Kakani VG, et al., 2005. Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum. European Journal of Agronomy, 22: 391-403.
[1] QingZhi Wang, JianKun Liu, JianHong Fang, AnHua Xu. Direct shear tests of coarse-grained fillings from high-speed railway subgrade in cold regions [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(3): 236-242.
[2] JianWei Wang, HaiPeng Li, Lei Song, Shuai Dou, XinLei Na. Effect of cryostructures on the uniaxial compressive strength of frozen clay [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(3): 267-272.
[3] Alexey F. Kolos, Anastasia A. Konon. Test results of railway ballast for bearing capacity calculations [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(3): 312-316.
[4] Evgeny S. Ashpiz, Tatyana S. Vavrinyuk. Strengthening long-term embankments maintained on permafrost soils [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(3): 317-320.
[5] Fang Wang, HongLang Xiao, XiaoMei Peng, Shang Li. Effects of salt and alkali stress on Reaumuria soongorica germination [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(2): 158-166.
[6] TengFei Yu, Qi Feng, JianHua Si, XiaoYou Zhang, ChunYan Zhao. Evapotranspiration of a Populuseuphratica Oliv. forest and its controlling factors in the lowerHeihe RiverBasin, Northwest China [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(2): 175-182.
[7] YongQing Luo, XueYong Zhao, JiePing Ding, Tao Wang. Vertical distribution of Artemisia halodendron root system in relation to soil properties in Horqin Sandy Land, NE China [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(5): 411-418.
[8] LiWen Zhao, ZhiBin He, WenZhi Zhao. Impact of soil conditions on the physiological characteristics of maize plants in an arid region, Northwest China [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(4): 334-342.
[9] Gideon O. Okunlola, Richard O. Akinwale, Adekunle A. Adelusi. Proline and soluble sugars accumulation in three pepper species (Capsicum spp) in response to water stress imposed at different stages of growth [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(3): 205-211.
[10] XiaMei Yao, Jing Ma, Jing Ji, Chun Ou, WenQiang Gao. Effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on the drought stress responses of Gardenia jasminoides [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(1): 54-64.
[11] TianPeng Gao, Rui Guo, XiangWen Fang, ZhiGang Zhao, GuoHua Chang, YinQuan Chen, Qing Zhang. Effects on antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolytes in Halocnemum strobilaceum under salt stress [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(1): 65-71.
[12] Andrei Petriaev. Stress states of thawed soil subgrade [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2015, 7(4): 348-353.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!