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Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2017, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (2): 175-182.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2017.00175

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Evapotranspiration of a Populuseuphratica Oliv. forest and its controlling factors in the lowerHeihe RiverBasin, Northwest China

TengFei Yu1,2,3, Qi Feng1,2,3, JianHua Si1,2,3, XiaoYou Zhang1,2, ChunYan Zhao1   

  1. 1. Alax Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology of Inland River Basin, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;
    3. Gansu Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
  • Received:2016-11-03 Revised:2016-11-22 Published:2018-11-23
  • Contact: Qi Feng, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. No. 320, West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. Tel: +86-931-4967089; E-mail: qifeng@lzb.ac.cn E-mail:qifeng@lzb.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Youth Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41401033), the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M560819), the General Program of the National Natural Science Fund of China (Nos. 31370466, 41271037), and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (No. 145RJZA141).

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Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) within an ecosystem is crucial for the water-limited environment that currently lacks adequate quantification in the arid region of Northwest China, mainly covered by phreatophytes, such as the Populus euphratica Oliv. tree and the Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. shrub species. Accordingly, ET was measured for an entire year using eddy covariance (EC) in P. euphratica stands in the lower Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. During the growing season, the total ET was 850 mm, with a mean of 4.0 mm/d, which is obviously more than that observed at tree-level and standlevel scales, which was likely due to the different level of soil evaporation induced by irrigation via water conveyance. Factors associated with ET fall into either environmental or plant eco-physiological categories. Environmental factors account for at least 79% variation of ET, and the linear relationship between ET and the groundwater table (GWT) revealed the potential water use of P. euphratica forests under the non-water stress condition with the GWT less than 3 m deep. Plant eco-physiological parameters, specifically the leaf area index (LAI), have direct impact on the seasonal pattern of ET, which provides a valuable reference to the wide-area estimates of ET for riparian forests by using LAI. In conclusion, P.euphratica forests have high water use after water conveyance, which may be the result of long-term adapting to local climates and limited water availability.

Key words: evapotranspiration, eddy covariance, Populus euphratica Oliv.forest, Heihe River Basin

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coefficient of Populus euphratica Oliv forest during the growing season in the extreme arid region Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 351-356. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat. 2009.09.022.
Sala A, Smith SD, Devitt DA, 1996. Water use by Tamarix ramosissima and associated phreatophytes in a Mojave Desert floodplain. Ecological Applications, 6: 888- 898. DOI: 10.2307/2269492.
Si JH, Feng Q, Cao SK, et al., 2014. Water use sources of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186: 5469- 5477. DOI: 10.1007/s10661- 014-3796-4.
Si JH, Feng Q, Xi HY, et al., 2009. Sap- flow measurement and scale transferring from sample trees to entire forest stand of Populus euphratica in desert riparian forest in extreme arid region. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 1: 258-266.
Si JH, Feng Q, Zhang XY, et al., 2007. Sap flow of Populus euphratica in a desert riparian forest in an extreme arid region during the growing season. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 49: 425-436. DOI: 10.1111/j.1672-9072.2006.00388.x.
Si JH, Feng Q, Zhang XY, et al., 2005. Growing season evapotranspiration from Tamarix ramosissima stands under extreme arid conditions in Northwest China. Environmental Geology, 48: 861-870. DOI: 10.1007/s00254-005-0025-z.
Smith SD, Devitt DA, Sala A, et al., 1998. Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions. Wetlands 18: 687-696.DOI: 10.1007/BF03161683.
Su PX, Li SJ, Zhou ZJ, et al., 2015. Partitioning evapotranspiration of desert plants under different water regimes in the inland Heihe River Basin, Northwestern China. Arid Land Research and Management, 30: 138-152. DOI: 10.1080/ 15324982.2015.1061616.
Sun G, Noormets A, Chen J, et al., 2008. Evapotranspiration estimates from eddy covariance towers and hydrologic modeling in managed forests in Northern Wisconsin, USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148: 257-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet. 2007.08.010.
Vickers D, Mahrt L, 1997. Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 14: 512-526. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014 < 0512:QCAFSP > 2.0.CO; 2
Wang P, Grinevsky SO, Pozdniakov SP, et al., 2014. Application of the water table fluctuation method for estimating evapotranspiration at two phreatophyte- dominated sites under hyper- arid environments. Journal of Hydrology, 519: 2289-2300. DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.087.
Wilson K, Goldstein A, Falge E, et al., 2002. Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113: 223-243. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00109-0.
Yu TF, Feng Q, Si JH, et al., 2013. Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots of two desert riparian phreatophytes in Northwest China's extremely arid region. Plant and Soil, 372: 297- 308. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-013-1727-8.
Yuan GF, Zhang P, Shao MA, et al., 2014. Energy and water exchanges over a riparian Tamarix spp. stand in the lower Tarim River basin under a hyper-arid climate. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 194: 144-154. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet. 2014.04.004.
Zhang H, Li JQ, Li JW, et al., 2007. The reproductive phenological phythm characteristics of Populus euphratica Oliv. population in the Ejina Oasis of Inner Mongolia. Journal of Inner MongoliaAgricultural University 28: 60-67. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1009-3575.2007.02.014. (in Chinese)
Zhang XY, Kang ES, Si JH, et al., 2006. Stem sap flow of individual plant of Populus euphratica and its conversion to forest water consumption. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 42: 28-32. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2006.07.005. (in Chinese)
Zhao LJ, Xiao HL, Cheng GD, et al., 2008. A preliminary study of water sources of riparian plants in the lower reaches of the Heihe Basin. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 29: 709-718. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2008.06.008. (in Chinese)
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