Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1226.2019.00081

Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2019, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 81–92.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2019.00081

• • 上一篇

收稿日期:2018-07-18 接受日期:2018-09-29 出版日期:2019-02-01 发布日期:2019-03-22

Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

CuiHua Huang¹,Fei Peng^1,^2,^3,^*(),Itaru Shibata³,Jun Luo¹,Xian Xue¹,Kinya Akashi^2,³,Atsushi Tsunekawa^2,³,Tao Wang¹

1. Minqin Salinization Research Station, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
2. International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
3. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan

Received:2018-07-18 Accepted:2018-09-29 Online:2019-02-01 Published:2019-03-22
Contact: Fei Peng E-mail:pengfei@lzb.ac.cn
About author:Fei Peng, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. Tel: +86-931-4967484; Fax: +86-931-8273894; E-mail:pengfei@lzb.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play important roles in the carbon (C) balance in arid regions. Net C balance of BSCs is strongly dependent on rainfall and consequent activation of microbes in the BSCs. The compensation-rainfall size for BSCs (the minimum rainfall amount for a positive net C balance) is assumed to be different with BSCs of different developmental stages. A field experiment with simulated rainfall amount (SRA) of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mm was conducted to examine the C fluxes and compensation-rainfall size of BSCs in different parts of fixed dunes in the ecotone between the Badain Jaran Desert and the Minqin Oasis. We found algae?lichen crust on the interdunes and crest, algae crust on the leeward side, and lichen?moss crust on the windward. Even a small rainfall (1 mm) can activate both photosynthesis and respiration of all types of BSCs. The gross ecosystem production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange were significantly affected by SRA, hours after the simulated rainfall, position on a dune, and their interactions. The rapid activation of photosynthesis provides a C source and therefore could be responsible for the increase of C efflux after each rewetting. C-uptake and -emission capacity of all the BSCs positively correlated with rainfall size, with the lowest C fluxes on the leeward side. The compensation rainfall for a net C uptake was 3.80, 15.54, 8.62, and 1.88 mm for BSCs on the interdunes, the leeward side, the crest, and the windward side, respectively. The whole dune started to show a net C uptake with an SRA of 5 mm and maximized with an SRA of about 30 mm. The compensation-rainfall size is negatively correlated with chlorophyll content. Our results suggest that BSCs will be favored in terms of C balance, and sand dune stabilization could be sustained with an increasing frequency of 5?10 mm rainfall events in the desert?oasis transitional zone.

Key words: biological soil crust, rainfall size, desert?oasis ecotone, C balance, arid region

. [J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2019, 11(1): 81–92.

CuiHua Huang,Fei Peng,Itaru Shibata,Jun Luo,Xian Xue,Kinya Akashi,Atsushi Tsunekawa,Tao Wang. Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2019, 11(1): 81–92.

图/表 10

Depth	Position	SOC (g/kg)	TN (g/kg)	NO $3 -$ (mg/kg)	NH $4 +$ (mg/kg)	Clay (%)	Silt (%)	Sand (%)	pH
0?2 cm	Interdunes	6.91±0.98^a	0.71±0.08^a	8.33±4.92^a	10.26±0.47^bc	1.02±0.01^ab	38.98±2.26^ab	60.00±2.84^ab	8.24±0.36^a
	Leeward	5.30±0.80^ab	0.53±0.07^ab	5.82±3.30^a	12.43±0.14^ab	1.18±0.10^a	46.56±1.68^a	52.26±1.77^b	8.10±0.26^a
	Crest	6.23±0.24^ab	0.65±0.03^ab	7.67±1.42^a	9.34±1.14^cd	1.11±0.08^a	44.09±2.49^ab	54.80±2.56^ab	8.02±0.22^a
	Windward	8.82±0.47^a	0.88±0.05^a	10.56±4.59^a	13.97±0.40^a	0.84±0.15^ab	33.80±4.81^ab	65.36±4.91^ab	8.17±0.14^a
2?5 cm	Interdunes	1.83±0.80^c	0.23±0.07^c	5.82±3.30^a	7.25±0.14d^e	0.46±0.17^b	20.49±10.71^b	79.05±10.87^a	8.43±0.26^a
	Leeward	2.94±0.24^bc	0.31±0.03^bc	7.67±1.42^a	7.29±1.14^de	0.85±0.17^ab	34.48±6.22^ab	64.68±6.40^ab	8.18±0.22^a
	Crest	2.82±0.47^bc	0.29±0.05^bc	10.56±4.59^a	6.67±0.40^e	0.75±0.12^ab	32.97±5.47^ab	66.28±5.59^ab	8.45±0.14^a
	Windward	2.38±2.15^bc	0.25±0.24^c	10.09±4.69^a	7.08±0.37^de	0.76±0.25^ab	29.05±10.96^ab	79.29±11.21^ab	8.34±0.11^a

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Source of variance/df	NEE	ER	GEP
Month / 2	4.5^*	20.9^**	11.8^**
HAF / 6	74.5^**	103.2^**	106.5^**
SRA / 5	54.8^**	97.0^**	94.7^**
Position / 3	20.9^**	32.3^**	32.9^**
HAF×SRA / 29	7.6^**	9.1^**	9.6^**
SRA×Position / 15	2.2^**	2.8^**	2.8^**

Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

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