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Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2018, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 293–304.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2018.00293

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-26 接受日期:2018-05-12 出版日期:2018-08-01 发布日期:2018-11-22
  • 基金资助:
    This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB429903), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41471024; 41771038). We thank all participants in the vegetation and environmental surveys at the Forestry Bureau of Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

Biodiversity, productivity, and temporal stability in a natural grassland ecosystem of China

Bing Liu*(),WenZhi Zhao,YangYang Meng,Chan Liu   

  1. Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
  • Received:2018-01-26 Accepted:2018-05-12 Online:2018-08-01 Published:2018-11-22
  • Contact: Bing Liu E-mail:liubing@lzb.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB429903), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41471024; 41771038). We thank all participants in the vegetation and environmental surveys at the Forestry Bureau of Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

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Abstract:

Understanding the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem function is critical to promoting the sustainability of ecosystems and species conservation in natural ecosystems. We observed species composition, species richness and aboveground biomass, and simulated the competitive assemblages in a natural grassland ecosystem of China, aiming to test some assumptions and predictions about biodiversity–stability relationships. Our results show that aboveground productivity and temporal stability increased significantly with increasing species richness, and via a combination of overyielding, species asynchrony, and portfolio effects. Species interactions resulted in overyielding caused by trait-independent complementarity, and were not offset by a negative dominance effect and trait-dependent complementarity effect. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying the biodiversity effect shifted from the selection effect to the complementarity effect as diversity increased, and both effects were coexisted but the complementarity effect represent a mechanism that facilitates long term species coexistence in a natural grassland ecosystem of China.

Key words: biodiversity, productivity, temporal stability, overyielding effect, species interactions, complementarity effect, selection effect

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Item d.f. Productivity Community stability Species synchrony
MS F P MS F P MS F P
Species richness (SR) 5,120 11,693.51 97.38*** 0.001 15.64 7.46* 0.028 14.72 6.30*** 0.001
Functional group number (FG) 2,98 8,991.22 7.57* 0.019 13.42 5.45* 0.038 16.67 5.05* 0.038
Species ID 21,132 10,138.33 2.96*** < 0.001 10.10 0.83 0.68 19.03 1.25 0.220
Annual herbs 20,132 4,334.50 1.08 0.354 0.16 0.03 0.973 76.29 2.37 0.111
Perennial herbs 34,121 15,494.79 4.46* 0.020 1.48 0.52 0.599 2.21 1.99 0.169
Subshrubs 7,133 3,755.39 1.38 0.267 58.72 1.55 0.230 29.32 0.49 0.620
SR × FG 11,136 5,044.74 5.44* 0.016 2.49 0.20 0.996 6.42 0.41 0.942
Species ID × SR 5,128 386.37 2.42* 0.045 31,043.93 10.50*** < 0.001 18.55 1.57 0.184
Annual herbs × SR 6,131 522.44 0.14 0.988 3.03 0.69 0.657 8.40 1.29 0.935
Perennial herbs × SR 5,128 3,295.73 12.66*** 0.001 2.03 0.69 0.423 2.03 1.03 0.957
Subshrubs × SR 4,124 5,933.25 1.69 0.155 4.35 0.27 0.893 1.15 0.07 0.989
Species ID × Annual herbs 3,117 693.681 0.17* 0.013 10.79 2.63 0.080 8.47 0.29 0.830
Species ID × Perennial herbs 5,128 3,712.13 13.39*** 0.001 1.145 0.36 0.867 0.71 0.38 0.853
Species ID × Subshrubs 8,134 1,688.099 1.63 0.751 15.26 1.45 0.236 0.16 0.33 0.947

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Item d.f. Net effect (ΔY) Complementarity effect ( $N\overline {\Delta \!{\textit {R\!Y}}}\! \times \overline {\textit \!{M}} $ ) Selection effect
(N cov(ΔRY, M))
MS F P MS F P MS F P
Species richness (SR) 4,207 2,522.85 38.03*** < 0.001 4,786.07 46.86*** < 0.001 526.93 13.33*** < 0.001
Functional group number (FG) 2,207 300.77 4.53** 0.002 365.08 3.57** 0.009 37.94 0.96 0.433
Species ID 23,208 70.27 1.06 0.403 130.25 1.28 0.204 51.93 1.31 0.178
SR × FG 8,208 123.30 1.90 0.075 106.20 1.00 0.411 22.40 0.60 0.802
SR × Species ID 34,208 102.70 1.55* 0.049 105.19 1.03 0.440 44.66 1.13 0.314
FG × Species ID 21,208 77.27 1.16 0.298 52.25 0.51 0.960 31.62 0.80 0.714
SR × FG × Species ID 7,208 64.27 0.97 0.458 280.37 2.74** 0.012 159.41 4.03*** 0.001

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Item Measured Simulated
Neutral Dominant Trade-off
TIC 7.75 ± 1.81a 1.18 ± 1.23d 5.33 ± 1.36b 2.90 ± 1.51c
TDC ?0.25 ± 0.18b ?0.01 ± 0.09b 0.61 ± 0.09a ?0.68 ± 0.10c
DE ?0.01 ± 0.01b 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.03 ± 0.00a ?0.03 ± 0.01c
ΔY 10.24 ± 1.26a 1.76 ± 0.97c 7.60 ± 1.18b 0.89 ± 1.32d

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