Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2022, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4): 287-294.doi: 10.1016/j.rcar.2022.09.007.

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Triaxial test on glass beads simulating coarse-grained soil

WenDong Xu1,2,3,XueFeng Li2,4(),WenWei Yang1,3,HongJin Jia4   

  1. 1.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
    2.Solid Mechanics Institute, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
    3.Ningxia Center for Research on Earthquake Protection and Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
    4.School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
  • Received:2021-09-30 Accepted:2022-01-13 Online:2022-08-31 Published:2022-09-30
  • Contact: XueFeng Li E-mail:lixuefeng1928@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1216020092);the Projects for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation of Ningxia(KJT2019001);the innovation team for multi-scale mechanics and its engineering applications of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and these supports are gratefully acknowledged

Abstract:

It is feasible to study the mechanical characteristics of coarse-grained soil by simulated granular materials such as glass beads. In this paper, 3 mm diameter glass beads are used to conduct drained and undrained triaxial tests under the condition of different confining pressures to explore their strength, deformation and critical state characteristics. Specifically, the influence of drainage and confining pressure on the stick-slip phenomenon of glass beads is reported. The experimental findings from triaxial tests show that the stress-strain relationship of glass beads softens when the confining pressure is high. Under the undrained condition, the initial modulus increases with the increase in the confining pressure. In contrast, it is not significantly affected by the confining pressure under the drained condition. It is quite evident that the glass beads hardly contract during the shearing process, and their stress path is approximately a segmented straight line. The slope of the critical state line under the undrained condition is greater than that under the drained condition, and the friction angle of the glass beads under the undrained and drained conditions is calculated to be 28.1° and 29.5°, respectively. The phenomenon of stick-slip has been depicted for the different test conditions, and the stick-slip amplitude linearly increases with the confining pressure, especially in the undrained condition. It is also found that the maximum energy released from the phenomenon of stick-slip increases linearly with the confining pressure.

Key words: triaxial test, glass beads, strength, critical state, stick-slip

Figure 1

View of glass beads"

Table1

Basic parameters of glass beads"

Specific gravity, Gs

Young's modulus

(GPa)

Void ratio
MaxMin
2.67650.910.34

Figure 2

Triaxial test devices"

Figure 3

Stress-strain relationship of glass beads under undrained conditions"

Figure 4

Stress-strain relationship of glass beads under drained conditions"

Figure 5

Relationship between volumetric strain and axial strain"

Figure 6

Shear deformation of glass beads under drained conditions at the axial strain of 25%"

Figure 7

Shear deformation of glass beads under undrained conditions at the axial strain of 25%"

Figure 8

Effective stress path of glass beads under undrained conditions"

Figure 9

Shear deformation of glass beads under drained conditions"

Figure 10

Stress-strain under 250 kPa confining pressures under undrained and drained conditions"

Figure 11

Axial strain at first slip versus confining stress under undrained and drained conditions"

Figure 12

Maximum deviatoric stress versus confining stress under drained conditions"

Figure 13

Maximum deviatoric stress drop versus confining stress"

Figure 14

Maximum slip rate of stress versus confining stress"

Figure 15

Maximum slip release of energy versus confining stress"

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