Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2019, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 257–266.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2019.00257.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-02 接受日期:2019-05-23 出版日期:2019-08-31 发布日期:2019-09-02

Influence of frost weathering on the recession of surfaces of technogenic landforms in Yakutia

Andrey E. Melnikov1,2(),Nikolay N. Grib2   

  1. 1. Melnikov Permafrost Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677010, Russia
    2. Technical Institute (branch) of M. K. Ammosov North-eastern Federal University, Neryungri 678960, Russia
  • Received:2019-04-02 Accepted:2019-05-23 Online:2019-08-31 Published:2019-09-02
  • Contact: Andrey E. Melnikov E-mail:MelnikowDron@mail.ru

Abstract:

The article assesses the influence of permafrost weathering on the rate of destruction of technogenic land forms, as exhibited on as illustrated by the railway embankment of the Amur-Yakut mainline in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Studies were carried out on a railway section more than 375 km long. The subsidence rate of the embankment slopes and structural excavations was determined using laboratory methods that simulate various mechanisms of temperature (with a transition through 0 °C) impact on rocks. For the first time, a quantitative assessment of the influence of cryogenic weathering on the stability of the railway in the region belonging to the northern building-climatic zone is given. For the territory under consideration, embankment rocks were experimentally determined to undergo more than 100 freezing and thawing cycles during a year. Under the existing climatic conditions, cryogenic weathering actively affects the embankment of the railway to a depth of 30 cm. Most of the embankment deformations detected during field observations are due to defects in the integrity of this particular layer. The size of the disintegrating layer of particular types of rock comprising the railway embankment has been established as reaching 10 cm per year. In 5 years following the formation of embankments comprising the upper structure of the railroad tracks, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, which initially had a tensile strength for uniaxial compression in the range of 40-70 MPa, were reduced by more than 50%. According to the authors, the establishment of regional cryohypergenesis features is universal in nature and can be applied to solving a wide range of tasks related to the assessment and prediction of the degree of cryogenic transformation of rocks having different structural properties.

Key words: cryogenic weathering, embankment, railway, subsidence rate, Republic of Sakha, Yakutia

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Rock Structure Texture Mineral composition
Main Accessory Secondary

Limestone with dolomite

impurity, micro-cracked

Pelitomorphic,

micro-, fine-grained

Massive Calcite 97% Zircon o.g.

Quartz 1%

Dolomite 2%

Pyrite r.g.

Pyrrhotite o.g.

Fe oxides o.g.

Sericite o.g.

Dolomite Micro-grained, mosaic Massive Dolomite 98%

Pyrite r.g.

Quartz o.g.

K-feldspar o.g.

Fe oxides up to 2%

Chlorite o.g.

Fe oxides up to 3%

Quartz o.g.

Dolomite with finely dispersed Fe oxides, with platy parting Micro-grained

Lammelar,

fine-lammelar

Dolomite 96%

K-feldspar 1%

Rutile r.g.

Sericite r.g.

Strontianite <1%

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Month Tommot Amga Kerdem
January 0 0 0
February 0 0 0
March 1 2 -
April 42 35 35
May 24 20 16
June 0 0 1
July 0 0 0
August 0 0 0
September 27 31 26
October 29 26 24
November 3 2 2
December 0 0 0
Total for the whole year 126 116 104

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Rock FTC conditions h (mm) υМВР (cm/a) Size of the disintegrating layer at 5 years of monitoring (cm)
Dolomite with a fine impurity of iron oxides I 0.5291 6.08 30.42
II 0.7727 8.89 44.43
III 0.7733 8.89 44.47
Limestone with dolomite impurity I 0.2652 3.05 15.25
II 0.3147 3.62 18.09
III 0.3600 4.14 20.70
Sandstone I 0.2400 2.76 13.80
II 0.3333 3.83 19.17
III 0.3733 4.29 21.47
Dolomite I 0.1467 1.69 8.43
II 0.2240 2.58 12.88
III 0.2620 3.01 15.07

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Rock FTC conditions FTC number
25 50 100 200 300 400 500
Dolomite with a fine impurity of iron oxides I 4.11 10.32 18.94 22.47 29.18 32.10 39.68
II 6.00 15.61 23.85 27.41 40.73 52.64 57.95
III 8.93 21.32 28.20 35.55 49.95 57.00 58.00
Limestone with dolomite impurity I 1.54 3.88 5.95 11.55 14.07 17.00 19.89
II 2.30 3.23 8.85 13.52 15.41 21.00 23.60
III 3.50 5.95 9.37 15.50 18.86 23.50 27.00
Sandstone I 1.60 4.00 8.89 10.32 14.44 16.03 18.00
II 3.00 6.20 13.00 14.72 17.48 20.77 25.00
III 4.20 8.90 16.80 22.60 21.00 24.50 28.00
Dolomite I 0.90 2.00 2.94 6.30 9.00 12.50 11.00
II 1.40 2.30 3.50 8.00 9.86 14.50 16.80
III 2.00 3.33 5.10 9.89 12.47 15.68 19.65

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Rock FTC conditions FTC number
0 25 50 100 200 300 400
Dolomite with a fine impurity of iron oxides I 42.25 37.18 31.11 21.25 18.75 15.77 12.01
II 42.25 36.99 28.05 18.75 13.32 10.45 8.89
III 42.25 31.55 25.15 17.68 9.33 - -
Limestone with dolomite impurity I 67.79 62.51 49.81 48.50 47.64 44.29 42.62
II 67.79 59.87 47.25 45.00 41.00 39.67 37.91
III 67.79 55.12 46.15 41.27 39.89 38.52 36.50
Sandstone I 63.92 54.45 38.99 31.68 26.73 25.42 23.19
II 63.92 44.86 37.28 29.95 24.66 24.00 21.87
III 63.92 45.14 36.41 27.00 21.55 19.92 14.53
Dolomite I 54.32 53.02 52.77 48.00 46.33 40.87 37.15
II 54.32 49.99 48.64 46.11 45.39 40.00 35.74
III 54.32 47.07 45.98 44.18 43.55 39.71 33.12
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