Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2016, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (2): 135–146.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2016.00135

• ARTICLES • 上一篇    

Characteristics and source of aerosols at Shiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains, China

XiaoYu Zhang1, ZhongQin Li1,2, Ping Zhou1, ShengJie Wang2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute;Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;
    2. College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-16 修回日期:2015-12-16 发布日期:2018-11-23
  • 通讯作者: XiaoYu Zhang E-mail:zhangxiaoyu@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41201065, 41121001, 41261017, 41171057, 41161012);Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.41121001), the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of CAREERI, CAS(No.51Y251B51);the SKLCS Foundation(No.SKLCSZZ-2012-01-01);the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos. 2010CB951003, 2010CB951404), and the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-EW-311).

Characteristics and source of aerosols at Shiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains, China

XiaoYu Zhang1, ZhongQin Li1,2, Ping Zhou1, ShengJie Wang2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute;Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;
    2. College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
  • Received:2015-10-16 Revised:2015-12-16 Published:2018-11-23
  • Contact: XiaoYu Zhang E-mail:zhangxiaoyu@lzb.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41201065, 41121001, 41261017, 41171057, 41161012);Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.41121001), the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of CAREERI, CAS(No.51Y251B51);the SKLCS Foundation(No.SKLCSZZ-2012-01-01);the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos. 2010CB951003, 2010CB951404), and the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-EW-311).

摘要: Aerosol samples were collected in the Shiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains from July 24 to August 19,2012 and analyzed for major water-soluble ionic species(F-,Cl-,NO2-,NO3-,SO42-,Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+ and Ca2+) by ion chromatography. SO42- and NH4+ were the most abundant components of all the anions and cations,with average concentrations of 94.72 and 54.26 neq/m3,respectively,accounting for 34% and 20% of the total water-soluble ions analyzed.These mean ion concentrations were generally comparable with the background conditions in remote sites of the Qilian Mountains,but were much lower than those in certain cities in China.The particles were grouped into two dominant types according to their morphology and EDX signal:Si-rich particles and Fe-rich particles.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that inland cities may contribute some anthropogenic pollution to this glacier,while the arid and semi-arid regions of central Asia were the primary sources of the mineral particles.

关键词: aerosol, glacier, particles, scanning electron microscopy(SEM)

Abstract: Aerosol samples were collected in the Shiyi Glacier,Qilian Mountains from July 24 to August 19,2012 and analyzed for major water-soluble ionic species(F-,Cl-,NO2-,NO3-,SO42-,Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+ and Ca2+) by ion chromatography. SO42- and NH4+ were the most abundant components of all the anions and cations,with average concentrations of 94.72 and 54.26 neq/m3,respectively,accounting for 34% and 20% of the total water-soluble ions analyzed.These mean ion concentrations were generally comparable with the background conditions in remote sites of the Qilian Mountains,but were much lower than those in certain cities in China.The particles were grouped into two dominant types according to their morphology and EDX signal:Si-rich particles and Fe-rich particles.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that inland cities may contribute some anthropogenic pollution to this glacier,while the arid and semi-arid regions of central Asia were the primary sources of the mineral particles.

Key words: aerosol, glacier, particles, scanning electron microscopy(SEM)

Aizen VB, Aizen EM, Melack JM, et al., 2004. Association between atmospheric circulation patterns and firn-ice core records from the Inilchek glacierized area, Central Tien Shan, Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(D08304). DOI:10.1029/2003JD003894.
Aneja VP, Schlesinger WH, Erisman JW, 2009. Effects of agriculture upon the air quality and climate:research, policy, and regulations. Environmental Science & Technology, 43:4234-4240.
Arimoto R, Duce RA, Savoie DL, et al., 1996. Relationships among aerosol constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during Pem-West A. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101:2011-2023.
Baek BH, Aneja VP, 2005. Observation based analysis for the determination of equilibrium time constant between ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 23(3):239-247.
Bhaskar BV, Jeba Rajasekhar RV, Muthusubramanian P, et al., 2010. Ionic and heavy metal composition of respirable particulate in Madurai, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 164:323-336.
Buseck PR, Pósfai M, 1999. Airborne minerals and related aerosol particles:Effects on climate and the environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(7):3372-3379.
Cong ZY, Kang SC, Dong SP, et al., 2010. Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160:323-335.
Deshmukh DK, Deb MK, Suzuki Y, et al., 2013. Water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 aerosols in the lower troposphere. Air Quality Atmosphere and Health, 6:95-110.
Duan FK, Liu XD, He KB, et al., 2003. Atmospheric aerosol concentration level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble species in wintertime in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 5:569-573.
Fang G, Chang C, Wu Y, et al., 2002. Ambient suspended particulate matters and related chemical species study in central Taiwan, Taichung during 1998-2001. Atmospheric Environment, 36:1921-1928.
Gao Y, Anderson J, Hua X, 2007. Dust characteristics over the North Pacific observed through shipboard measurements during the ACE-Asia experiment. Atmospheric Environment, 41:7907-7922.
Griffin DW, 2007. Atmospheric movement of microorganisms in clouds of desert dust and implications for human health.Microbiology Reviews, 20(3):459-477. DOI:10.1128/CMR.00039-06Clin.
Hu M, He L, Zhang Y, et al., 2002. Seasonal variation of ionic species in fine particles at Qingdao, China. Atmospheric Environment, 36:5853-5859.
Ianniello A, Spataro F, Esposito G, et al., 2011. Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Beijing(China). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11:10803-10822.
Khoder MI, Hassan SK, 2008. Weekday/weekend differences in ambient aerosol level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble components in the city centre. Atmospheric Environment, 42:7483-7493.
Kreutz KJ, Aizen VB, Cecil LD, et al., 2001. Oxygen isotopic and soluble ionic composition of a shallow firn core, Inilchek glacier, central Tien Shan. Journal of Glaciology, 47(159):548-554.
Liu BYH, Pui DYH, Rubow KL, 1984. Characteristics of air sampling filter media. Aerosols in the mining and industrial work environments. In:Marple VA, Liu BYH(eds.). Instrumentation, Vol. 3. Newton, MA:Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 989-1038.
Mamane Y, Gottlieb J, 1992. Nitrate formation on sea-salt and mineral particles-a single particle approach. Atmospheric Environment, 26:1763-1769. DOI:10.1126/science.261.5118.195.
Mayewski PA, Meeker LD, Whitlow S, et al., 1993. The atmosphere during the Younger Dryas. Science, 261:192-197.
Ming J, Zhang D, Kang S, et al., 2007. Aerosol and fresh snow chemistry in the East Rongbuk Glacier on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma(Everest). Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(D15):D15307. DOI:10.1029/2007JD008618.
Okada K, Kai KJ, 2004. Atmospheric mineral particles collected at Qira in the Taklamakan Desert, China. Atmospheric Environment, 38:6927-6935.
Olivier S, Schwikowski M, Brütsch S, et al., 2003. Glaciochemical investigation of an ice core from Belukha glacier, Siberian Altai. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(19):2019. DOI:10.1029/2003GL018290.
Paoletti L, De Berardis B, Diociaiuti M, 2002. Physico-chemical characterisation of the inhalable particulate matter(PM10) in an urban area:An analysis of the seasonal trend. Science of the Total Environment, 292(3):265-275.
Querol X, Alastuey A, Puicercus JA, et al., 1998. Seasonal evolution of suspended particles around a large coal-fired power station:chemical characterization. Atmospheric Environment, 32:719-731.
Raizenne M, Neas LM, Damokosh AL, et al., 1996. The effects of acid aerosols on North American children:pulmonary function.Environment Health Perspectives, 104:506-514.
Ramanathan V, Ramana MV, Roberts G, et al., 2007. Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption. Nature, 448:575-578. DOI:10.1038/nature06019.
Reid EA, Reid JS, Meier MM, et al., 2003. Characterization of African dust transport to Puerto Rica by individual particle and size segregated bulk analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D19):8591. DOI:10.1029/2002JD002935.
Schwartz SE, Andreae MO, 1996. Uncertainty in climate change caused by aerosols. Science, 272(5265):1121-1122. DOI:10.1126/science.272.5265.1121.
Srivastava A, Jain V, Srivastava A, 2009. SEM-EDX analysis of various sizes aerosols in Delhi India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 150:405-416.
Sun J, Qin D, Mayewski PA, et al., 1998. Soluble species in aerosol and snow and their relationship at Glacier 1, Tien Shan, China.Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D21):28021-28028.
Sun Y, Zhuang G, Wang Y, et al., 2004. The air-born particulate pollution in Beijing-concentration, composition, distribution and sources. Atmospheric Environment, 38:5991-6004.
Verma SK, Deb MK, Suzuki Y, et al., 2010. Ion chemistry and source identification of coarse and fine aerosols in an urban area of eastern central India. Atmospheric Environment, 95:65-76.
Wake CP, Mayewski PA, et al., 1990. A review of Central Asian glaciochemical data. Annals of Glaciology, 14:301-306.
Wang Y, Zhuang G, Tang A, et al., 2005. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2.5 aerosol in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment, 39(21):3771-3784.
Wang Y, Zhuang G, Zhang X, et al., 2006. The ion chemistry, seasonal cycle, and sources of PM2.5 and TSP aerosol in Shanghai. Atmospheric Environment, 40:2935-2952.
Wang ZB, Xu JZ, Yu GM, et al., 2013. The characteristics of soluble ions in PM2.5 aerosol over the Qilian Shan Station of glaciology and ecologic environment. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 35(2):336-344.
Williams MW, Tonnessen KA, Melack JM, et al., 1992. Sources and spatial variation of the chemical composition of snow in Tien Shan, China. Annals of Glaciology, 16:25-37.
Wolff EW, 1996. The record of aerosol deposited species in ice core, and problem of interpretation. In:Wolff EW, Bales R(eds.). Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow. New York:Springer, pp. 1-17.
Wu D, Tie X, Deng X, 2006. Chemical characterizations of soluble aerosols in southern China. Chemosphere, 64:749-757.
Xiao H, Liu C, 2004. Chemical characteristics of water soluble components in TSP over Guiyang, SW China, 2003. Atmospheric Environment, 38:6297-6306.
Yao X, Chan CK, Fang M, et al., 2002. The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 36:4223-4234.
Zhang K, Li Z, Wang F, et al., 2008. Soluble mineral dusts in aerosol and surface snow on the Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of Ürümqi River, east Tianshan Mountains:Characteristics and their interrelation-taking calcium and magnesium as examples.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 31(1):113-118.
Zhang XY, Edwards R, 2011. Anthropogenic sulfate and nitrate signals in snow from Glacier of Mt. Bogda, Eastern Tianshan.Journal of Earth Science, 22(4):490-502.
Zhang XY, Li ZQ, Wang FT, et al., 2012. Chemistry and environmental significance of snow on Glacier No. 72, Mt. Tumur, Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia. Scientia Geographica Scinica, 32(5):636-641.
Zhao SH, Li ZQ, Zhou P, 2011. Ion chemistry and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols over Mt. Bogda of eastern Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 180:409-426.
Zhao ZP, Li ZQ, 2004. Determination of soluble ions in atmospheric aerosol by ion chromatography. Modern Scientific Instrument, 5:46-49.
[1] WeiZhen Sun, XiaoQing Cui, GuangMing Yu. Source and environmental significance of oxalate in Laohugou Glacier No. 12, Qilian Mountains, Western China[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2018, 10(2): 126-133.
[2] FeiTeng Wang, ChunHai Xu, ZhongQin Li, Muhammad Naveed Anjum, Lin Wang. Applicability of an ultra-long-range terrestrial laser scanner to monitor the mass balance of Muz Taw Glacier, Sawir Mountains, China[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2018, 10(1): 47-54.
[3] JiZu Chen, ShiChang Kang, Xiang Qin, WenTao Du, WeiJun Sun, YuShuo Liu. The mass-balance characteristics and sensitivities to climate variables of Laohugou Glacier No. 12, western Qilian Mountains, China[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(6): 543-553.
[4] Min Xu, HaiDong Han, ShiChang Kang. The temporal and spatial variation of positive degree-day factors on the Koxkar Glacier over the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China, from 2005 to 2010[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(5): 425-431.
[5] YuShuo Liu, Xiang Qin, WenTao Du. Changes of glacier area in the Xiying River Basin, East Qilian Mountain, China[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(5): 432-437.
[6] XiaoYu Zhang, ShengJie Wang, Xin Zhang, Ping Zhou, Shuang Jin, ZhongQin Li, Nozomu Takeuchi. Chemistry and environmental significance of aerosols collected in the eastern Tianshan[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(5): 455-466.
[7] YuLan Zhang, ShiChang Kang, Min Xu, Michael Sprenger, TanGuang Gao, ZhiYuan Cong, ChaoLiu Li, JunMing Guo, ZhiQiang Xu, Yang Li, Gang Li, XiaoFei Li, YaJun Liu, HaiDong Han. Light-absorbing impurities on Keqikaer Glacier in western Tien Shan: concentrations and potential impact on albedo reduction[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2017, 9(2): 97-111.
[8] Sanjaya Gurung, Bikas C. Bhattarai, Rijan B. Kayastha, Dorothea Stumm, Sharad P. Joshi, Pradeep K. Mool. Study of annual mass balance (2011-2013) of Rikha Samba Glacier, Hidden Valley, Mustang,Nepal[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(4): 311-318.
[9] GuoFeng Zhu, YuanQing He, DaHe Qin, HongKai Gao, Tao Pu, DongDong Chen, Kai Wang. The impacts of climate change on hydrology in a typical glacier region-A case study in Hailuo Creek watershed of Mt.Gongga in China[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2016, 8(3): 227-240.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!