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Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2022, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4): 234-243.doi: 10.1016/j.rcar.2022.09.002

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Influence of freeze tube deviation on the development of frozen wall during long cross-passage construction

JunHao Chen1,2(),JianLin Wang1,LeXiao Wang1,Han Li1,MeiLin Chen1   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Underground Engineering, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, China
  • Received:2021-05-27 Accepted:2021-12-21 Online:2022-08-31 Published:2022-09-30
  • Contact: JunHao Chen E-mail:fjgcxycjh@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the project of Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01925);supported by the project of the Fuzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2021-P-047);supported by the Open Project Program Foundation of Engineering Research Center of underground mine construction, Ministry of Education(Anhui University of Science and Technology)(JYBGCZX2021104)

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Abstract:

This paper investigates the influence of the deviation in freeze pipe installation on the development of the frozen wall in long cross passages by numerical simulation with ANSYS software. The study case is from the artificial ground freezing project along the Fuzhou Metro Line 2 between Ziyang Station and Wuliting Station. Two freeze-pipe configurations, i.e., one with perfectly aligned pipes without any deviation from design and another with randomly distributed deviation, are included for comparison. The effect of the random deviation in the freeze pipes on frozen wall interconnection time, the thickness of the frozen wall and the development of the temperature field is explored. For the characteristic section of the numerical model at a depth of 25 m, it is found that the frozen wall interconnection time under the random deviation case and no deviation case is 24 days and 18 days, respectively. The difference in the thickness of the thinnest frozen wall segment between the random deviation and no deviation cases is the largest in the early freezing stage (up to 0.75 m), which decreases with time to 0.31 m in the late freezing stage. The effects of random deviation are more significant in the early freezing stage and diminish as the freezing time increases.

Key words: long cross passages, artificial ground freezing, random deflection, numerical simulation

Table 1

Artificial ground freezing design parameters"

Parameter nameDesign thickness of main section frozen wall (m)Design thickness of frozen horn wall (m)Frozen wall average temperature (°C)Single pipe brine flow (m3/h)Active freezing time (d)
Value≥2≥1.7≤-10≥550

Figure 1

Layout of freeze holes in cross passages"

Table 2

The distance between temperature measuring hole and adjacent freeze hole in the right line (mm)"

Temperature measurement holeLocation relative to freeze holesDistance(mm)
J1Arch shoulder outside569
J2Arch shoulder outside585
J3Arch shoulder inside489
J4Arch shoulder inside546
J5Side wall outside590
J6Side wall outside760
J7Side wall inside596
J8Side wall inside597
J12Side wall inside785
J13Side wall inside1,289

Figure 2

Variation in soil temperature at different depths"

Figure 3

Variation in temperature data measured in J1 and J5 with freezing time"

Table 3

Main thermodynamic parameters of the soil layer"

Soil HorizonThermal conductivity (W/(m °C))Specific heat capacity (J/(kg?°C))Density (kg/m3)
λuλfCuCfρ
Silty fine sand2.32.561,9801,7601,850
Sludge With Sand2.262.541,7501,5601,640

Table 4

Soil enthalpy"

Soil temperature

(°C)

Silty fine sand (107 kJ/m3)Sludge with sand (107 kJ/m3)
-300.000.00

0

30

20.46

25.42

22.98

27.36

Figure 4

Finite element models at a depth of 25 m for cases with and without random deviation"

Figure 5

Location of feature sections"

Figure 6

Comparison of measured and simulated temperature at hole J1"

Figure 7

The intersection of the frozen wall of the 25-m model"

Figure 8

The cloud maps of the frozen wall at the beginning and end of freezing at a depth of 25 m"

Table 5

Interconnection time and thickness of the thinnest part of the frozen wall"

Deviation (mm)T1 (day)T2 (m)
150122.67
200142.62

Figure 9

Variation of the thinnest frozen wall thickness in the characteristic section at a depth of 25 m for cases with and without deviation"

Figure10

The Cloud maps of freezing temperature field of the model at a depth of 25 m"

Table 6

Frozen wall interconnection time at various depths for different models"

Depth (m)Frozen wall interconnection timeDifference (day)
No deviation (day)Deviation (day)
1516204
2016215
2518246

Figure 11

The cloud maps of the intersection of frozen walls at different depths"

Table 7

Thickness of the thinnest section of the frozen wall"

Depth (m)No deviation (m)Random deviation (m)Thickness difference (m)
152.652.520.13
202.582.410.17
252.562.250.31
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