Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions ›› 2017, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (1): 67–77.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2017.00067
• • 上一篇
Field determination for roughness length above the different non-erodible surfaces
HeQiang Du, Tao Wang, Xian Xue
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
Field determination for roughness length above the different non-erodible surfaces
HeQiang Du, Tao Wang, Xian Xue
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
摘要： Non-erodible elements, for its disturbance to the near-surface airflow, have been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions to protect the surface from wind erosion. Roughness length was usually used to evaluate the protection effect of non-erodible elements from wind erosion. In this study, the wind profiles above five types of non-erodible surfaces including gravel, wheat straw checkerboard barriers, cotton stem checkerboard barriers, shrubs, and herbs were measured and analyzed. The wind velocities above these surfaces increased with height approximately in logarithmic functions. The roughness length of different non-erodible surfaces was calculated by the functions of wind profiles. The results reveal that:(1) Roughness length increased with wind velocity in given wind velocity ranges. (2) On vegetative surfaces, wind did not effectively bend the stems. The threshold wind velocity for bending the stems of Achnatherum splendens was 4 m/s, 10 m/s for Agropyron cristatum, and for Artemisia ordosica, no obvious bending of stems even for wind velocity reaching 12 m/s. (3) Correlation analysis results show that the vegetation's coverage and frontal area affect the roughness length more significantly than the other parameters. (4) The protective results of these non-erodible elements were evaluated. The checkerboard sand barriers made of cotton stem could provide more effective protection than that made of wheat straw. In the same coverage conditions, vegetation could provide more effective protection from wind erosion than gravel, and the blending of different non-erodible elements especially the combination of blending of vegeation and checkerboard sand barriers could provide more effective protection to the surface.
| Abtew W, Gregory JM, Borreli J, 1989. Wind profile:estimation of displacement height and aerodynamic roughness. Transactions of the ASAE, 32:521-527. DOI:10.13031/2013.31034. Brutsaert W, 1982. Evaporation into the Atmosphere:Theory, History, and Applications. Boston:D. Reidel Publishing, pp. 299. Dickerson RR, Kondragunta S, Stenchikov G, et al., 1997. The impact of aerosols on solar ultraviolet radiation and photo-chemical smog. Science, 278:827-830. DOI:10.1126/science.278.5339.827. Dong ZB, Gao SY, Fryear DW, 2001. Drag coefficients, roughness length and zero-plane displacement height as disturbed by artificial standing vegetation. Journal of Arid Environments, 49:485-505. DOI:10.1006/jare.2001.0807. Du HQ, Xue X, Wang T, 2014. Estimation of saltation emission in the Kubuqi Desert, North China. Science of the Total Environment, 479-480:77-92. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.095. Grant PF, Nickling WG, 1998. Direct field measurement of wind drag on vegetation for application to windbreak design and modeling. Land Degradation Development, 9:57-66. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-145X(199801/02)9:13.0.CO;2-7. Hoffmann C, Funk R, Wieland R, et al., 2008. Effects of grazing and topography on dust flux and deposition in the Xilingele grassland, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Arid Environments, 72:792-807. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.09.004. Lee JA, 1990. The effect of desert shrubs on shear stress from the wind:an exploratory study. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. De-partment of Geography, Arizona State University, pp. 181. Lee JA, 1991. The role of desert shrub size and spacing on wind profile parameters. Physical Geography, 12:72-89. Lettau H, 1969. Note on aerodynamic roughness-parameter esti-mation on the basis of roughness-element description. Journal of Application Meteorology, 8:828-832. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0828:NOARPE>2.0.CO;2. Liu X, Dong Z, 2002. Estimating of displacement height using Marquardt Method. Journal of Desert Research, 22:233-236. (in Chinese) MacKinnon DJ, Elder DF, Helm PJ, et al., 1990. A method of evaluating effects of antecedent precipitation on dust storms and its application to Yuma, Arizona, 1981-1988. Climate Change, 17:331-360. DOI:10.1007/BF00138374. Marticorena B, Bergametti G, Aumont B, et al., 1997. Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle:2. Simulation of Saharan dust sources. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102:4387-4404. DOI:10.1029/96JD02964. Molion LCB, Moore CJ, 1983. Estimating the zero-plane dis-placement for tall vegetation using a mass conservation method. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 26:115-125. DOI:10.1007/BF00121537. Monteith JL, 1973. Principles of Environmental Physics. London:Edward Arnold, pp. 1-418. Patil MN, 2006. Aerodynamic drag coefficient and roughness length for three seasons over a tropical western Indian station. Atmospheric Research, 80:280-293. DOI:org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.10.005. Qiu GY, Lee IB, Shimizu H, et al., 2004. Principles of sand dune fixation with straw checkboard technology and its effects on the environment. Journal of Arid Environments, 56:449-464. DOI:10.1016/S0140-1963(03)00066-1. Qu JJ, Zu RP, Zhang KC, et al., 2007. Field observations on the protective effect of semi-buried checkerboard sand barriers. Geomorphology, 88:193-200. DOI:org/10.1016/j.geomorph. 2006.11.006. Raupach MR, 1992. Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 60:375-395. DOI:10.1007/BF00155203. Riksen M, Brouwer F, Graaff J, 2003. Soil conservation policy measures to control wind erosion in northwestern Europe. Catena, 52:309-326. DOI:org/10.1016/S0341-8162(03)00020-1. Sellers PJ, Mintz Y, Sud YC, et al., 1986. A simple biosphere model (SIB) for use within general circulation models. Journal of Atmosphere Sciences, 43:505-531. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0505:ASBMFU>2.0.CO;2. Shao YP, 2001. A model for mineral dust emission. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(20):239-254. DOI:10.1029/2001JD900171. Skidmore EL, 2000. Air, soil, and water quality as influenced by wind erosion and strategies for mitigation. In:AGRONENVIRON2000, Second International Symposium of New Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Agro-Applications Proceedings. Tekirdag, Turkey, pp. 216-221. Wasson RJ, Nanninga PM, 1986. Estimating wind transport of sand on vegetated surfaces. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11:505-514. DOI:10.1002/esp.3290110505. Wolfe SA, 1993. Sparse vegetation as a surface control on wind erosion. PhD Dissertation, University of Guelph, pp. 257. Wolfe SA, Nickling WG, 1996. Shear stress partitioning in sparsely vegetated desert canopies. Earth Surfaces and Processes Landforms, 21:607-619. DOI:10.1002/(SICI) 1096-9837(199607)21:7<607::AID-ESP660>3.0.CO;2-1. Zhang Q, Zeng J, Yao T, 2012. Interaction of aerodynamic rough-ness length and windflow conditions and its parameterization over vegetation surface. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57:1559-1567. (in Chinese) Zhou YL, Sun XM, Zhu ZL, et al., 2006. Surface roughness length dynamic over several different surfaces and its effects on modeling fluxes. Sciences of China (Series D-Earth Sciences), 49:262-272. (in Chinese) |
| No related articles found! |
|
||